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Cybersecurity

Kubernetes security

A Kubernetes cluster is an API with a very large set of powerful verbs. Most compromises come from permissions, exposed components and over-trusted workloads rather than the kernel.

The problem this service solves

Default clusters trust everything. Pods can talk to any other pod, the service account token is mounted by default, and a single cluster-admin binding given to a pipeline for convenience gives full control. A compromised workload, a vulnerable web application or a leaked token can lead to the whole cluster, and from there to the underlying cloud account.

We review how the cluster is built, who can do what, and what a compromised pod could reach.

What is in scope

  • API server and control plane

    Authentication, authorization mode, public exposure, audit logging and managed-service settings.

  • RBAC

    Cluster-admin bindings, wildcard roles, service account permissions, escalation paths such as pod creation and secrets access.

  • Workload hardening

    Pod Security Standards, privileged containers, host namespaces, capabilities, read-only filesystems and resource limits.

  • Network policy

    Namespace isolation, egress control and service mesh policies.

  • Secrets and identity

    Secret storage, external secrets, workload identity to cloud providers and token handling.

  • Supply chain

    Image sources, scanning, signing, admission policy and registry access.

  • Runtime and detection

    Audit logs, runtime sensors, anomaly detection and incident readiness.

How the work runs

Collect

Read-only cluster view.

  1. 1

    Configuration export

    Capture cluster, RBAC, policy and workload manifests.

  2. 2

    Benchmark run

    Check against CIS Kubernetes Benchmark and validate manually.

Analyze

Think like a compromised pod.

  1. 3

    RBAC graph

    Map who can escalate privileges or read secrets.

  2. 4

    Pod-to-cluster scenarios

    From a defined foothold, test what the pod can reach (optional, within scope).

Improve

Fix systematically.

  1. 5

    Policy as code

    Recommend admission policies (Kyverno, OPA Gatekeeper or Pod Security Admission) to prevent regression.

What you receive

  • Executive summary
  • Findings by cluster and namespace
  • RBAC and escalation path analysis
  • Admission policy set
  • Network policy recommendations
  • Runtime detection guidance
  • Retest

Tooling and technique

Assessment

  • kube-bench
  • kubescape
  • Trivy
  • kubectl

RBAC

  • rbac-tool
  • KubiScan

Policy

  • Kyverno
  • OPA Gatekeeper
  • Pod Security Admission

Runtime

  • Falco
  • Tetragon

Tool categories describe how we work. They are not a claim of vendor partnership or certification.

Standards we map to

Frameworks and references

  • CIS Kubernetes Benchmark
  • NSA/CISA Kubernetes Hardening Guidance
  • MITRE ATT&CK for Containers
  • OWASP Kubernetes Top 10

Mapping findings to a framework is not the same as certification against it.

Before we start

What we need from you

  • Read-only kubeconfig or exported manifests
  • Cluster architecture and ownership by namespace
  • CI/CD pipeline description

What this service is not

  • Cluster operations or upgrade work
  • Application code review

What changes afterwards

  • Workloads run with least privilege
  • A compromised pod has limited reach
  • Policy enforces the baseline on every deployment

Questions people ask

Do you test managed Kubernetes differently?

The control plane is the provider’s responsibility, so we focus on your configuration: RBAC, node pools, networking, workload identity and add-ons.

Is service mesh required for security?

No. A mesh can add mutual TLS and policy, but it adds complexity. Basic network policies and good RBAC provide a lot of value first.

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